I think Tolkien was inspired by the myths of Scandinavia. I know he was in a club called the Inklings, where they would read and discuss the old Norse sagas in the original language. Also, he did a very detailed study of the story Beowulf. I'm sure both of these things influenced the characters and settings of Middle Earth. Plus, I remember reading that some of the Elvish in Lord of the Rings came from an old language spoken in Finland.
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Now Lords and Ladies blithe and bold, To bless you here now am I bound: I thank you all a thousand-fold, And pray God save you whole and sound.
~ Sir Gawain's Leave-Taking ~
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