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The work itself can only be labelled 'racist' or 'sexist' (or anything else) if we accept that the story was intended to be that by the author.
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The likes of Dr Shapiro and Jonathan Hari, as I understand their position,
do assert that Tolkien intended LotR to be a racist work, or at least a work which supported his presumed (by them) racist worldview.
Morevover, a work can be labelled as promoting undesirable actions or ideologies irrespective of authorial intention. I doubt that the creators of Tom & Jerry ever intended it to promote smoking, yet it was deemed to have that effect and so the "offending" scenes were duly excised.