As a bit of an addendum, Tolkien himself makes the connection (I believe its in the Letters... somewhere...) about Gondor's Byzantine-like quality. The Middle Ages parallel is very appropriate: while Arnor and the Wilderland enter their dark ages, Gondor (Byzantium) reaches heights of great power, reminiscent of Númenor (Rome) of old.
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I prefer history, true or feigned.
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