[Legate of Amon Lanc]

Yes, and the relation of the inhabitants of the world towards the Powers/Eru was quite different from the one the ancient/medieval people had to their gods/God, especially concerning the Elves. For the Elves, unless they were specifically instructed by Varda that there is something to discover in the stars, and largely in the world that had close to the West/Elves/Edain, the "learned" world (meaning the world that was getting their knowledge, although passed over several receptors, from the Valar), they would most probably, in my opinion, not perform astrology. Maybe the primitive Men or later the more "barbaric" nations would seek their own way to the Powers and the knowledge of the world through other means, like for example trying to read the information about the world in stars. Since we are not told that Eru or Valar ciphered anything in the stars (or I was hoping to get a knowledge about this through this thread, if Tolkien wrote anywhere that they did, though personally I doubt it), I presume it was not so and thus, astrology would have been just a superstition and therefore, even if some of the inhabitants of Middle-Earth performed it, the Valar would tell the Eldar and the Eldar would tell the Edain and the Edain would pass the knowledge among the other Men, that astrology has no sense in Middle-Earth.