I think that the term "Moria" appeared much later - after the Dwarves fled from the Balrog. After that incident, the Dwarves probably thought the name quite fitting, even though
their Kingdom remained "Khazad-Dum" to them.
I think that Gandalf said "Moria" because he was not only translating, but also explaining to the Fellowship. He used the term that would be better understood.
Why did Dwarves use Elvish to write on the Doors? Because the doors were only locked when one comes from the outside. From the inside, as Gandalf tells us, they could be opened with a gentle push. The people who came from outside were mostly Elves.
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Originally Posted by Kransha
Actually, I believe this is the explanation for the fued...
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I believe that the explanation for
this particular feud was the combined appearance of the Balrog and Sauron's interverance in Hollin. There were Elves on either side of Moria - those of Eregion, and those of Lorien. Lorien also trades with the Dwarves, but they were never that close, probably because the Galadhrim were less interested in metal and stone. For this reason it was easy for the Galadhrim to blame the Dwarves for the comming of the Balrog. On the other hand, the Dwarves lost all their Elven-supporters during the destruction of Eregion.
However, as
TGWBS said, the feud begun before either race was truly alive...