A kingdom with a vacant throne
It might interest people to know that there was a 'Gondorian' example in 20th century European history, of a kingdom with a vacant throne: Hungary in 1920-44. That state had as king the head of the Hapsburg family, who was also Emperor of Austria. At the end of WWI, when Austria-Hungary was defeated, Charles I of Austria, also Charles IV of Hungary, renounced his power in both countries. In Hungary, after a period (1919-20) when a Communist Hungarian Soviet Republic was in power, military forces under Admiral Miklós Horthy seized power, and elections were held for an assembly. Horthy was elected Regent of Hungary, a position he would hold until 1944.
But while Hungary was restored as a monarchy, it had no monarch. Attempts by the former Charles IV to regain power failed. This is an interesting real life comparison with the Gondor portrayed by Tolkien.
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