Still on #3, is it possibly NOLDOR, who are 'too dignified' to be known as 'gnomes'? 'Cut down' could be indicating the fact that a gnome, these days, is usually small. (The answer could also be just ELF/ELVES, depending on how detailed you're being.)
Or I suppose SINDARIN, which is the language that evolved from Gnomish.
EDIT: #9, 'patron' makes me think 'patron deity', and I know we have the Rohirric name BEMA for OROME. He could definitely be seen as patron to Eorl, who
has been depicted as very Orome-like at least once.
hS