[Kransha]

I believe Aragorn's many names do various things, including the emphasis of his importance and general uses. Important people have monikers, monikers can be translated into different languages, and many nicknames can be derived from said monikers. Royalty must be addressed as such, so they are expected to gain kingly names, kingly titles, etc.

-Aragorn, his real name
-Estel, "Hope", Gilraen's baby name
-Thorongil, "Eagle of the Star", self-proclaimed
-Wingfoot, Eomer's name for Aragorn, moniker
-Strider, Breelanders name for Aragorn, moniker
-Elessar, High title and surname
-Elfstone, title, Aragorn was called "The Elfstone of the House of Elendil"
-Telcontar, Strider in Elvish
-Longshanks is the one you're missing